Each oval represents a different, modular service that this account can provide; the uncolored ovals represent services currently turned off. In practice, an account might have several hundred services available, with about 90% of them turned off at any given time.
In this example the owner of parent account (on top) had it create 3 new "child" accounts -- and the current owners of two of the new accounts have made changes. The owners changed what payment methods the accounts will accept.